To extend the domain of our knowledge, particle physics experiments explore frontiers of research conducted with particle accelerators ranging from high-energy physics to precision physics and the study of neutrinos. These experiments often require extensive international collaborations and large and extremely complex apparatus in which the latest technologies in detectors, electronics, data acquisition and computing systems are applied. High-energy physics experiments are those conducted with particle accelerators, built increasingly more powerful to achieve ever higher collision energies and enable the production of new particles, as is the case at the LHC in the CERN experiments, such as Atlas and CMS. The future of this type of physics is in LHC’s HI LUMI upgrade and in next-generation accelerators such as FCC or the Muon Collider.
Precision physics, on the other hand, involves high-intensity experiments whose objective is to facilitate the occurrence of the rarest events and to refine the precision measurements of these events to the extreme. Examples are the Belle II experiments, designed to study the properties of particles, especially B mesons, produced by collisions of electrons and positrons inside the SuperKEKB accelerator in Japan, and the LHCB experiment at CERN engaged in precision measurements of rare decay phenomena that could provide clues to the presence of new physics beyond the Standard Model of elementary particles. Other experiments that make extremely precise measurements are experiments that studyrare decays such as those that study muons: MEG, in operation at PSI in Switzerland, and Muon g-2 at Fermilab in Chicago. In the United States, in South Dakota, the Dune experiment is in progress, which, thanks to its two giant detectors, will study the behaviour of neutrinos generated by the accelerators at Fermilab, near Chicago, and will arrive at thedetectors after travelling approx. 800 miles
